Both Harappa and Mohenjo Daro were well planned cities. Mohenjo-Daro was one of the largest and best-known cities … It arose in the United States in the early 1980s, and has gradually influenced many aspects of real estate development, urban planning, and municipal land-use strategies. while Egyptians were building the pyramids the people of Indus were setting up shop. 47. The people of the ancient Indus Valley made toys from baked clay. chapter 1 the beginnings of civilizations 10 000 2000 b. civilization of asia chapter quiz answers kpappi de. Called a subcontinent because it is blocked off from the rest of Asia by the HINOU KOSH to the west & HIMALAYAS to the north a.i. 23 slideshows with 1,000 slides by scholars of the ancient Indus Civilization (3500-1700 BCE). �w*�RYB 4�:w��8��U��� tW�K��К Geography of China • The Huang He River is more than 2900 miles long. These cities include Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mohenjo-daro in modern-day Pakistan, and Dholavira, Kalibangan, Rakhigarhi, Rupar, and Lothal in modern-day India. Ans. The high mountains gave Harappa's based around Lothal and from Sindh took this opportunity to expand their settlement and create a planned township on the lines of greater cities in the Indus valley. New Urbanism is an urban design movement which promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types. South Asia—modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh—is a subcontinent. 2.3 Planned Cities on the Indus Main Idea: The first Indian civilization built well- planned cities on the banks of the Indus River. [4] The Indus Valley civilization was entirely unknown until 1921, when excavations in what would become Pakistan revealed the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro (shown here). S���o��ҥ=Au���'��u����M7)�S(���h���}6ɪj���,��fB9����͛�=K���j54 k��N �. False. 1750 BCE – the quality of building declined. To find more books about Chapter 2 Section 3 Planned Cities On The Indus Quiz, you can use related keywords, for examples : Chapter 2 Section 3 Planned Cities On The Indus Quiz, Chapter 2 Section 3 Planned Cities On The Indus, Chapter 2 Section 3 Planned Cities On The Indus Answers, Chapter 16 Section 2 Maya Kings And Cities Answer Key, Chapter 16 Section 2 Guided Reading Maya Kings And Cities … when delivering care you need to quizlet, Taking care Get a food You may need to stay at home for a while on your own. CHAPTER 7 Section 1 : India’s first Empires= Tamil, patriarchal, matriarchal, religious toleration. – Hippodamus, it has been found that the grid-planned cities that date back to the Indus valley were a few thousands of years more ancient than the ancient Greek city of Miletus. From October to February, winter monsoons from the northeast blow dry air Planned Cities on the Indus [PDF] 1. 1. Two of the major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization during the Bronze Age. Practice: Indus Valley civilization. • Much of China is mountainous and contains deserts. People had time, after meeting CHAPTER Then, from the middle of June through October, the winds shift. A complex sewer system carried away waste. The Vedic Period. True. Shang China. This Planned Cities on the Indus Graphic Organizer is suitable for 6th - 8th Grade. 9. A technical and political process concerned with the use of land and design of the urban environment that guides and ensures the orderly development of settlements and communities. 64% average accuracy. Unit 4 Planned Cities on the Indus I. Planned Cities. Objective #20. Around 2500 B.C. people were farming in villages along the Indus River • Planned Cities • 2500 B.C. 2 / 26. world history chapter answer key african civilizations bing. Planned Cities on the Indus Notes.notebook 2 November 25, 2009 Jun 19­8:56 AM Oct 7­8:46 AM Oct 7­8:39 AM directly watered Thar Himalayas Northern Brahmaputra Bengal Indo Gangetic Plain Indus Ganges Oct 7­8:39 AM monsoons Yearly floods change course (Indus) wet dry Oct 7­8:40 AM dicipher archeological digs domesticated 7,000 farming villages We don’t know much about the lives of the people of the Indus River Valley, but perhaps we will learn more if we decipher their mysterious writing. ���VX����|����@�Ĝ������3!Z�I���� �7p��ؼ�j����HrO����)����!�t5��ܛ-���9��>��H�|���N���u 5��y�`�2"i�]-��R����N��KO�ϒX�t�̱RY��mX����r���)��A�3�]cw���G�v`Z�-#dw�ɧ��\��V "��!���&�1�>�"1�sx�] g/!�P � 5��x i��4���n!9���&�y;�m�7��z �MW�9$�{��JC�x�2��F�Z��`��{�� ���W� ��#5�y��ng�3Py�ݓ�a���� �ٓ1�E�=b������/wx�'���&�/�+�@X�=Dz�Ek�z�K�aE@y[��$����PՃ)��d�͙�*��V"��2�D/�E0�_�p�@���X�����2ڡݸ� T}��۱0F�&Y�N;��PԨ*:�P�� ��]��t882ޒ會G�Ż?�滋�/}x{M]��y��PѦD_���E��O���O옧G�$u��e�M�w.�Û�q��ڝ��5�%�� ��O w�6�im�^x��j��*n�e ^&mSM:L�.F�4{f���>ͦ��0�7`�&k%��`�����"�N��[���6/A����*����� R�4gn�j^�������\�w�'���Dxa}���4�`��u5�;�wK�V^�_�}"��N�8#Rѷ �ЪԜ��wVl ӫ�i�'h2 �p���X��)��Q�e ����l�} ��m�����ds���@_�'�+�I��������=�CH�A������A*��$��݉����$�N���_��O��ɓ�~R4P�6c�a��������\Z��SV��)&A�.C�����L� Chapter 2 section 3: Planned Cities on the Indus ... Start studying Chapter 2, Section 3: Capitalism and Economic Freedom Vocabulary Terms. The Geography of the Indian Subcontinent Includes India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Start studying Planned Cities on the Indus. Explore the sites, seals, jewelry, figurines and other artifacts from Indus times through beautiful photographs and captions by the experts who unearth and study them. Although there were large walls and citadels, there is no evidence of monuments, palaces, or temples. CHAPTER 4 Section 3: the Persian Empire = Satrap, Royal Road. History. chapter 3 Indus River Valley Civilization. Afghanistan and Iran. Greek Ship - In recent times, people built this ship to show how ancient Greek fishing ships looked. and find homework help for other History questions at eNotes This is the currently selected item. The remains of the Indus Valley Civilization cities indicate remarkable organization; there were well-ordered wastewater drainage and trash collection systems, and possibly even public granaries and baths. It had planned cities, plumbing, and trade, and probably strong kings. The uniformity of Harappan artifacts suggests some form of authority and governance to regulate seals, weights, and bricks. which of these patterns was common to ancient mesopotamia egypt and indus valley civilization, The Indus Valley civilisation left no temples or tombs, like the Pyramids of Egypt. 1 times. The Indus people flourished by a river valley and many other tribes did so as well these are call early river valley civilizations. Save. In which civilization UR was used for a place? C. Literacy. 46. https://www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/, Explain the significance of the urban centers in the IVC. Great Cities By 2500 B.C., some villages had grown to be great cities. Next lesson. Both Harappa and Mohenjo Daro were well planned cities. There are some bridges on river Indus, such as Dadu Moro Bridge, Larkana Khairpur Indus River Bridge, Thatta-Sujawal bridge, Jhirk-Mula Katiar bridge, and the recently planned Kandhkot-Ghotki bridge. The largest cities … Indus civilization, the earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent. Fig: Indus Valley Civilisation. A mystery until the 1970’s. Why It Matters Now: The culture of India today has its roots in the civilization of the early Indus cities. Archaeological records provide no immediate answers regarding a center of authority, or depictions of people in power in Harappan society. At least 35,000 people may have lived in the largest and best-known cities, Mohenjo-Daro (moh• HEHN •joh•DAHR•oh) and Harappa (huh•RAP•uh). 6th grade. They used pack animals, river boats, and QUIT CHAPTER Early River Valley 2 Civilizations, 3500 B.C.–450 B.C. These massive walls likely protected the Harappans from floods and may have dissuaded military conflicts. x�\�r9��_O����]�16d�����k�{bv{c��(�cRT���7ڷ�'�}���@E�c"����D�H ����7���\Wד�vk״�טּ����hc����\Ѻ��h|�qk�P�W�?�]\��$/rXCi5~�轴YKzt�v. • The mountains and desert acted as barriers, separating the Chinese from the rest of the Asia • By 3200 B.C. • It flows across Central China and empties into Yellow Sea • 12 percent of the total land is suitable for farming. Ans. These cities include Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mohenjo-daro in modern-day Pakistan, and Dholavira, Kalibangan, Rakhigarhi, Rupar, and Lothal in modern-day India. They had strong levees and walls to keep water out. According to growth models, by 2025, India’s population will grow to triple what was when the Indus Treaty was signed, while Pakistan’s population is now six times what it was then. The Indus Valley Civilization contained more than 1,000 cities and settlements. The biggest Indus cities, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, are famous for their sophisticated waterworks, far more advanced than those of their trade partners in the great cities of Mesopotamia. Detail the Harappan trade with other people in the region Jayla Kelly and Jaidah Collins 4th Hour The Indus cities were connected with rural agricultural communties and distant resource and mining areas through strong trade systems. This Planned Cities on the Indus Graphic Organizer is suitable for 9th - 10th Grade. a year ago. What inference can you make about the people who lived in the Indus … ]�t��NMHg&=�sW3ZQ���+��%O�h�(R�|UB� P�ND� Why it matters now: The cu… Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Section 1. Edit. Planned Cities on the Indus 2. The largest cities … Cornell Notes HW #: 5 Topic: Chapter 2 Section 3: Planned Cities on the Indus Name: Naowal Rahman Period: 5 Date: October 5, 2020 Essential/Critical Thinking Question: Why is there so much less evidence and research for the Indus Valley civilization compared to ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, other than the fact that their language wasn’t deciphered? Ans. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This map shows a cluster of Indus Valley Civilization cities and excavation sites along the course of the Indus River in Pakistan. True. The bricks from the site were used for the construction. They built strong levees, or earthen walls, to keep water out of their cities. Class Disclosure Why Study History Reviewing World Regions Worksheet Geography Skills Map Activity Crash Course Video Guide CIA Study Guides CIA I CIA II CIA III Also explore over 66 similar quizzes in this category. similarities between mesopotamia egypt indus valley and china, As in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, the Indus--or Harappan--civilization arose along important rivers. Indus River valley until its decline after 1900 B.C.E. The evidence for planned settlements and the uniformity of Harappan artifacts suggests a strong organizational or governing force in the Indus Valley Civilization, though archaeological records provide no immediate answers. They built strong levees, or earthen walls, to keep water out of their cities. The Swastika can be found among the motifs in the Indus Valley script. Houses opened only to inner courtyards and smaller lanes, and even the smallest homes on the city outskirts were believed to have been connected to the system, further supporting the conclusion that cleanliness was a matter of great importance. Several of the world's national capitals are planned capitals, including Canberra in Australia, Brasília in Brazil, Belmopan in Belize, New Delhi in India, Abuja in Nigeria, Islamabad in Pakistan, Naypyidaw in Burma and Washington, D.C. in the United States, and the modern parts of Nur-Sultan in Kazakhstan and Ankara in Turkey. The cities in the Indus Valley settled along the Indus River for agricultural purposes but are known for being well-planned. The mountains and a large desert to the east provide natural defense for the Indus River region. Just below the mountains are two large plains that hold the Ganges and Indus rivers. Putting these items in graves may mean that they had a religious belief in an afterlife, in which they could use these belongings again. They had private homes with indoor bathrooms. By 2600 BCE, the small Early Harappan communities had become large urban centers. Planned Cities on the Indus The Geography of the Indian Subcontinent (pages 44–45) What is a subcontinent? What inference can you make about the people who lived in the Indus … The Geography of South Asia South Asia—modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh—lies separated from the rest of Asia by tall mountains, the Hindu Kush Mountains, Himalayan Range and the Karakoram Mountains. people in Indus Valley were laying bricks for India’s first cities • Found the ruins of more than 100 settlements along the Indus • Featured a fortified area called citadel, holding major buildings of a city • Largest cities found were Kalibangan, Mohenjo-Daro, and Harrapa. stream Blog. 64% average accuracy. ahlove_69453. Chapter Overview Time Line MAP SECTION 1 City-States in Mesopotamia SECTION 2 Pyramids on the Nile SECTION 3 Planned Cities on the Indus SECTION 4 River Dynasties in China Visual Summary Why Cornell Notes? planned cities in the indus DRAFT. These cities contained well-organized wastewater drainage systems, trash collection systems, and possibly even public granaries and baths. The woman states that The city center of any area is obviously going to have the highest prices and Professor Andrew Ripley mentions that Its natural habitat in high-altitude area specifically the pastures as threatened by the growth of agriculture. Edit. The mature phase of the Harappan civilisation lasted from c. 2600–1900 BCE. Planned cities with drainage and water supply. Indus River Valley civilizations. planned cities in the indus DRAFT. The geography of the Indian Subcontinent a. Monsoons Seasonal winds calledmonsoons dominate India’s climate. n�2�F-6|a�l8�`�!��c��1Zp��ݻѢ�{�� These cities contained well-organized wastewater drainage systems, trash collection systems, and possibly even public granaries and baths. Why educators should appear on-screen for instructional videos; Feb. 3, 2021. Planned Cities on the Indus. Learn more about the Indus civilization in this article. Much of what we know about the cities of the Indus Valley comes from excavations at Mohenjo-Daro. Some cities … A. Archaeologists have excavated about seventy Harappan settlements along the Indus River. Try this amazing Indus Valley Civilisation quiz which has been attempted 2051 times by avid quiz takers. Mesopotamia. ��02@�8w|`B����G��6���-��@�� ��El����NRc)=�����c��QI��N���g�|ˮPTlIj2v��;�;�D���M2r�`��J� �^����� �j��i$t5�f�^����x�� x����CPX�[k�sJ���.oF#�|ڠ��f^o}�f��f�M�d82����"�J� ��١���}�Ʊ���]��2�����w�6k�Y�{��&�_�Z&�a�iO�u�p�H|O:[�?�����|�&��$�t$�'{v�g��'�M�F�=1/oL0}s��q_�:s�6�@����u?z1�M����]������6t���1-�'��#�e��m�h3&�ǣM�>�� /����b\���3k�x �!�,aN��j\��Tc�1$�����p%;IM���H��l��_]W�� ;c�y�xݧ�7��QEz��� 6th grade. Planned Cities Around 2500 B.C., while Egyptians were building pyramids, people in the Indus Valley were laying the bricks for India’s first cities. 45. Archaeololgists have uncovered expertly planned cities built with a grid pattern of wide, straight streets. It is separated from the rest of Asia by tall mountains. @�����������+Zŝw��Mڪ�]���j�]����������{yubx?���s s�åo��90r�LI�G�d��q�S�X��;a�K��˳D ��k���m �r'����� �yG8_�Q6��C�ڥK�}q��΃�'1SSbOp�O�$�t�jһ��]{���?�տ�Tr,D����&Y�;�4yݫT Planned CitiesAround 2500 B.C., while Egyptians were building pyramids, people in the Indus Valley were laying the bricks for India’s first cities. Sign In. Indus Valley Civilization Sites. Harappa gave its name to the entire Indus River culture. Edit. Just below the mountains are two large plains that hold the Ganges and Indus rivers. [24] We have strong evidence that Indus population centers moved from west to east over a period of roughly 1,500 years, until finally people abandoned their cities entirely and returned to a rural way of life. There is no conclusive evidence of palaces or temples (or even of kings, armies, or priests), and the largest structures may be granaries. !�.�㈥�y����C͉�W�|w9`-,˲�E���sWw��>��T The highest mountains in the world separate this region from the rest of Asia. 10. The largest was the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Planned Cities on the Indus KEY IDEA PEOPLE OF THE FIRST CIVILIZATION IN INDIA BUILT CITIES ON THE BANKS OF THE INDUS RIVER. a year ago. Vocabulary. Advanced Technology Cotton fabric to be traded. From October to February, winter monsoons from the northeast blow dry air westward across the country. Sokhta Koh means “burnt hill,” and corresponds to the browned-out earth due to extensive firing of pottery in open pit ovens. planned cities in the indus DRAFT. Objective #S13. Silver were imported to Indus cities from which places? Large desert in the east that protected the Indus from invasions a.ii. In total, more than 1,052 cities and settlements have been found, mainly in the general region of the Indus River and its tributaries. Quizlet.com !! Planned Cities on the indus Civilizations Emerges on the Indus Monsoons Indus Civilization is sometimes called Harappan civilization, because of the many archaeological discoveries made at that site. 2. Ans. b�2� �H���G��n����+�vĸT7��h4&Y� 'm���Q�>��-b�f@H���¥�S8��c2R��|��|��z�ႁF���q�4�ְ��$�0���e��9A��jRd�����_#S���*.�Xr��k$Lr\����$��D��1�.�#Cn���g��~��8���VҀ�N�-n �&. It was about 80 years ago that archaeologists could realize that it was an ancient city. Planned cities on the indus 1. In fact, many cities were built directly on harbors. Mohenjodaro was a large and well-planned city. A storehouse or room in a barn for threshed grain or animal feed. B. Ans. along the Indus River. Civilization Of Asia Chapter Quiz Answers studies main. Satellite images showed evidence of shifts in tectonic plates – probably caused earthquakes and floods which altered the course of the Indus . The second theory posits that there was no single ruler, but a number of them representing each of the urban centers, including Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, and other communities. 248 ch2 1. ahlove_69453. Make sure you have Food and supplies * Medicine Phone credit Support 111 .nhs.uk CALL 111 If you are ill Stay at home for 7 days If you feel worse Phone NHS 111 or visit Ill .nhs.uk Help delivery to your home Use video chat to keep in touch Do things you enjoy - music, Practice: Ancient India. Planned Cities on the Indus . 5 0 obj Harappans demonstrated advanced architecture with dockyards, granaries, warehouses, brick platforms, and protective walls. 2.3 Planned Cities on the Indus Main Idea: The first Indian civilization built well- planned cities on the banks of the Indus River. Barley was among the known crops of the region. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Island of Bahrain. Sokhta Koh. planned cities in the indus DRAFT. Fertile plains created by Food-grains and cotton. ( gerritt_peck) Cornell Notes. South Asia—modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh—is a subcontinent. A. ... Indus civilization is a mystery due to untranslated writing. Deccan Plateau in the middle of the peninsula-dry b. Start studying World History Ch. Although the use of grid pattern in the planning and building of towns and cities is attributed to the famous Greek urban planner of the 5th century B.C. Planned Cities of the Indus; Section 4. The city of Mohenjo-daro contains the “Great Bath,” which may have been a large, public bathing and social area. 7 benefits of working from home; Jan. 26, 2021. Edit. Archaeologists have found the ruins of more than 100 settlements along the Indus. A central area in a city that is heavily fortified. Indus River Valley civilizations. In addition, students explain how monsoons affect the climate and people of the Indus … By 2600 BCE, the small Early Harappan communities had become large urban centers. 44. Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, and the recently, partially-excavated Rakhigarhi demonstrate the world’s first known urban sanitation systems. Sanskrit connections to English. For which region Dilman was used for a place? Although there were large walls and citadels, there is no evidence of monuments, palaces, or temples. Indus Region, 43. 1 times. History. Geography Indus traded cotton Traded with Hittites Hittites traded superior weapons Indus also had highly developed city planning and housing Complex Institutions Key People and Terms In contrast to hieroglyphs 400 symbols make up From which places silver was imported to Indus cities? In this world history worksheet, students note key characteristics of the first Indian civilization as they add 4 details to the graphic organizer. Great cities fell into decay. ��H��ڃ�[v��*�f�,�? invitation letter university collaboration, Recommended Template for Letters of Collaboration or Letters of Cooperation for Proposals Submitted to the GSS Program To: NSF Geography and Spatial Sciences (GSS) Program From: _____ (Printed name of the individual collaborator or name of the organization and name and position of the official submitting this memo). When that didn’t work they made islands to raise the cities above possible flood waters. The extraordinary uniformity of Harappan artifacts is evident in pottery, seals, weights, and bricks with standardized sizes and weights, suggesting some form of authority and governance. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. 1. Planned Cities on the Indus The Geography of the Indian Subcontinent (pages 44–45) What is a subcontinent? Most city-dwellers were artisans and merchants grouped together in distinct neighborhoods. The quality of urban planning suggests efficient municipal governments that placed a high priority on hygiene or religious ritual. Planned Cities on the Indus . Individual homes drew water from wells, while waste water was directed to covered drains on the main streets. Chinese Dynasties. In this Planned Cities on the Indus worksheet, students list key characteristics of the first Indian civilization in a web diagram, then write about how monsoons affected the climate and people of this area. B. 14.11 Chapter Summary In this chapter, you learned about the Indus-Sarasvati civiliza-tion by exploring the city of Mohenjodaro. ��P�B��g�ˋƵ-�Jqœ����G�12�l&M��c\���\�=9���͜-_D~�y���S������9�/%WF��藌�~�ΫV=����=%b`٤��.���vmSOॱdͤ G��!k'ei� 2.3-Planned Cities on the Indus.pdf. River Dynasties of China; Chapter 3 - People and Ideas on the Move (2000 B.C.-250 B.C.) 2.3 Planned Cities on the Indus Determining Main Ideas As you read this section, list the key characteristics of the first Indian civilization in the chart below. The use of wells in this civilisation was established. Feb. 10, 2021. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro were thought to be the two great cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, emerging around 2600 BCE along the Indus River Valley in the Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. Over time, three major theories have developed concerning Harappan governance or system of rule. Five strategies to maximize your sales kickoff The first is that there was a single state encompassing all the communities of the civilization, given the similarity in artifacts, the evidence of planned settlements, the standardized ratio of brick size, and the apparent establishment of settlements near sources of raw material. CHAPTER 7 Section 2: Trade spreads Indian Religion and culture= Mahayana, Theravada, Stupa, Brahama, Vishnu, Kalidsa, Silk Roads. Mohenjo–Daro, Kalibangan, Lothal and Dholavira are some other important sites of the Indus Valley Civilization. CHAPTER 2 Section 3 : Planned cities on the Indus = subcontinent, monsoon. advertisement You must have 3-5 points in every box. Highways of Water Several seas played a major role in the life of ancient Greece. Hinduism: core ideas of Brahman, Atman, Samsara and Moksha. To find more books about Chapter 2 Section 3 Planned Cities On The Indus Quiz, you can use related keywords, for examples : Chapter 2 Section 3 Planned Cities On The Indus Quiz, Chapter 2 Section 3 Planned Cities On The Indus, Chapter 2 Section 3 Planned Cities On The Indus Answers, Chapter 16 … Planned Cities on the Indus. Finally, experts have theorized that the Indus Valley Civilization had no rulers as we understand them, with everyone enjoying equal status. . Use complete sentences for all your points. The cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation had "social hierarchies, their writing system, their large planned cities and their long-distance trade [which] mark them to archaeologists as a full-fledged 'civilisation.'" The nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be about 2500–1700 BCE, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the 2nd millennium BCE. Sokhta Koh, a Harappan coastal settlement near Pasni, Pakistan, is depicted in a computer reconstruction. The high mountains gave The Indus society rose at roughly the same time as Many buildings were made of brick, which was either sun-baked or fired in an oven to make it harder. << /Length 6 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> 2 Planned Cities on the Indus- indian civilization facts. 2.3-Planned Cities on the Indus.pdf. The Indus Valley Civilization contained more than 1,000 cities and settlements. Unlike Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, the inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization did not build large, monumental structures. The Indus and Saraswati valleys contained hundreds of cities. Two of the major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization during the Bronze Age. Planned Cities Around 2500 B.C., while Egyptians were building pyramids, people in the Indus Valley were laying the bricks for India’s first cities. The agricultural surplus of the Indus valley fed two large cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, as well as subordinate cities and a vast agricultural hinterland.

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