Green color shows the spindle microtubules, and the blue color shows the chromosomes. Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms. Centromere and kinetochore are two regions of the chromosomes that play a major role during the cell division. The inner centromere Aurora B complex, consisting of Aurora B, INCENP, survivin, and Borealin/Dasra, is illustrated as a red shape. Consequently, elaborate molecular machineries and mechanisms emerged during the course of evolution in order to ensure proper division of the genetic material. They remain joined, however, at the centromere – a special region that plays a vital role in cell division. Many animal cells contain disc-like kinetochores with three distinct layers that form on one side of each chromatid. 1. In addition, the outer kinetochore contains surveillance or checkpoint proteins that monitor kinetochore attachments to the spindle and regulate the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The inner KT (kinetochore) is composed of CCAN (constitutive centromere-associated network) proteins including CENP-A, CENP-C and CENP-T. CENP-C interacts directly with the CENP-A nucleosome. Przewloka MR(1), Glover DM. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Copyright © 2010-2018 Difference Between. “Centromere.” Wikipedia. 2. Author information: (1)University of Cambridge, Department of Genetics, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, United Kingdom. The centromere is always located at the center of the chromosome. 3. Positions of the centromere in different chromosome types are shown in figure 2. “Centromere Placement” By Fockey003 – Own work (CC BY-SA 4.0)(CC BY-SA 4.0) via Commons Wikimedia3. Two regions of a kinetochore can be identified: inner kinetochore and outer kinetochore. Cohesin protein complexes are present in between the two sister chromatids, linking the two copies of the replicated chromosome. It holds two sister chromatids of a chromosome together. Summary. Centromere and kinetochore are two types of elements contributing to the cell division. Its proteins also help to hold the sister chromatids together and play a role in chromosome editing. A centromere is a region of restricting DNA, present in the form of centric heterochromatin which is bordered by pericentric heterochromatin whereas kinetochore is the protein complex on the chromosome where spindle fibers attach during cell division. At the centromere, elements of the cell’s cytoskeleton assemble and attach. 1. Also, this process totally depends on the integrity of microtubules. The sites of attachment of microtubules, therefore, should have certain specific properties. Wikimedia Foundation, 06 Mar. The centromere is a region of highly condensed DNA where the kinetochores are assembled. Centromere et kinetochore sont deux structures situées au centre approximatif des chromosomes et sont impliquées dans la ségrégation des chromatides soeurs à la division cellulaire. Kinetochore: A kinetochore is a protein complex, assembled on centromeres of chromosomes. First, a complex of proteins called the kinetochore assembles around the centromere region of DNA; then, mitotic spindle fibers attach to the kinetochore. As nouns the difference between cohesin and kinetochore is that cohesin is (protein) any of a class of proteins responsible for binding the sister chromatids during mitosis while kinetochore is the protein structure in eukaryotes which assembles on the centromere and links the chromosome to microtubule polymers from the mitotic spindle during mitosis. It has highly condensed chromatin around the histone proteins. Furthermore, the chromosome segregation is an extremely accurate process. Kinetochores are disc shaped protein complexes intimately associated with centromere. Centromere and kinetochore are two main structures found in the middle of the chromosomes. Kinetochores at the metaphase of a human cell are shown in pink color of figure 3. “Kinetochore.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Feb. 2019, Available here. The inner kinetochore holds the two sister chromatids together by tightly associating with the centromere region. Also, unlike in centromeres, there are three different layers in the kinetochore. It is assembled on the surface of the chromosome after the nuclear envelope is broken down. It contains nucleosomes which are made up of specialized histones called CENP-A, substituting the histone H3. A centromere is a highly constricted region on a chromosome that holds two sister chromatids together in a chromosome. The kinetochore assembles on the centromere and links the chromosome to microtubule polymers from the mitotic spindle during mitosis and meiosis. Examples of the monocentric organisms are fungi and vertebrates. Though the formation of centromere prefers a unique DNA sequence to form the centromere, regional centromeres also can be formed on the other DNA sequences. The outer kinetochore interacts with the spindle microtubules. “Chromosome cohesion – en” By Dawn08 – Own work (CC BY-SA 3.0) via Commons Wikimedia, Lakna, a graduate in Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, is a Molecular Biologist and has a broad and keen interest in the discovery of nature related things, Difference Between Centromere and Kinetochore, What is the difference between Centromere and Kinetochore. Figure 2: Positions of the Centromere A – Short/p arm, B – Centromere, C – Long/q arm, D – Sister chromatid I – Telocentric, II – Acrocentric, III – Submetacentric, IV – Metacentric. Depending on the centromere position chromosomes can be divided into four major types: metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric and telocentric. The main aim of this article is to highlight the difference between centromere and kinetochore. 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