The midterm MC will count toward the second quarter grade. Also known as "tabling" or "death by committee." Example = Medicaid. EOP agency; three economists who advise president about general economic date, issues and policy proposals. Very important case enlarging power of federal government. Citizens have unenumerated rights in addition to those stated in the Constitution. The amendment failed to acquire the necessary support from 3/4s of the state legislatures. Federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws (includes FBI, Civil Rights Division, Antitrust Division, Drug Enforcement Administration...), Head of the Justice Department and the chief law enforcement officer of the United States. Interest group – A collection of people who share a common interest or attitude and seek to influence government for specific ends. Establishes a woman's constitutional right to an abortion (in limited circumstances). Less party control over process. Especially useful for cutting out pork from spending bills. Birth of Democratic Party as liberal party (soft electoral realignment), Media tends to cover elections like a sporting event because it generates excitement (who is ahead, who is behind) & it is easy to do (poll data). Act in the world only to protect and benefit yourself. Supreme Court has discretionary AK (they can choose to hear appeals from Circuit Courts and State Supreme Courts). Replaced the AOC. Accomodationists (establishment = government-funded religion) vs. Separationists (establishment = ANY involvement with religion); Lemon test, Mandatory nondenominational school prayer violates Establishment Clause (see also Santa Fe School District v. Doe striking down student-led prayer at school football games), 1st Amendment clause; Government cannot make a law prohibiting the free exercise of religion. Used in all but 2 states. The losing party in a court case who appeals the case to an appellate court. "Liberty" protected by the DPC includes substantive "fundamental rights" like rights protected by Bill of Rights (leads to incorporation doctrine) and other rights like the right to privacy. Interpreted by the Supreme Court very broadly (Gibbons v. Ogden) until Lopez & Morrison. Occurs when a state wants the voter's opinion on a controversial issue. The meeting of party delegates every four years to choose a presidential ticket and write the party's platform. Prohibited state legislatures from imposing term limits of their Representatives and Senators (Court held that the Constitution's Qualifications Clause is the only limit on congressional service), The leader of the majority party and presiding officer of the House of Representatives. Created EEOC to enforce. Good theater (for law nerds). Major cause of bill death. Welcome to Mr. Tredinnick's AP United States Government and Politics Class " Let us never forget that government is ourselves and not an alien power over us. Andy Johnson and Bill Clinton were impeached but not convicted. Decides what cases the government will appeal to the Supreme Court, files amicus briefs with the Supreme Court in cases the government is interested in, and represents the United States before the Supreme Court. Proposed constitutional amendment requiring full equal treatment for men and women (ex. rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on governments which include life, liberty, and property. Practice of congressmen of securing ("appropriating") federal money ("pork") for projects that will benefit their constituents. President nominates candidate, which then must by confirmed by simple majority in the Senate (check on President's power). Requires four or more justices to "grant certiorari" (agree to hear an appeal). Most independent and least accountable part of the federal bureaucracy. When a committee finishes the mark-up of a bill and sends it to the senate or house for debate, consideration, and final passage. Avoids government shutdown. The state or federal government attorney in a criminal case. Pluralism gone wrong; belief that government is paralyzed by too many interest groups demanding things too many things from government, Topic = factions (interest groups); minority factions controlled by majority; majority faction controlled by greater size of USA + virtuous leaders, Separation of powers & checks & balances protects against tyranny, Commander-in-chief of armed forces; pardon power (except for impeachment); treaty power; appointment power; veto power, Powers that are given to both federal and state governments. Assistance given to individual constituents by congressional members, like helping an elderly person figure out how to get Medicare benefits. Decided McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden, and Marbury v. Madison. Can have spoiler effect (Nader in 2000) or are absorbed into major party (Tea Party in 2008). Important House standing committee responsible for initiating all taxation bills. Can receive unlimited donations but cannot coordinate with a candidate. A technique of fiscal federalism used by Congress to control states. Key agents of socialization include family, media, peers. A philosophy of judicial decision-making whereby judges give significant deference to the decisions made by elected representatives in the legislative and executive branches. Created Federal Election Commission (FEC). Least amount of party control over process.Declared unconstitutional (violates party's freedom to associate). 12 states send delegates to revise the Articles of Confederation; Delegates soon agree to draft completely new Constitution with stronger federal government. Declared unconstitutional by 24th Amendment. Declared unconstitutional in 1915. States must recognize laws & judicial decisions of other states (ex., marriage, child support payments); public policy exception for gay marriage? A legal restriction that limits the number of terms a person may serve in a particular elected office. Gravity. Laws dealing with offenses against society (murder, rape, arson). Racial segregation violates 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause ("separate is inherently unequal"). Flashcards. Rendered obsolete by Citizens United. Compare with "Astroturf Activism" - fake grassroots efforts (paid for by political interests). Create your own flashcards or choose from millions created by other students. Brokered Convention occurs if no candidate has won a majority of delegates in state primaries & caucuses. Only used (so far) at the state level. Only hears "important" constitutional cases. The amendments define basic liberties as freedom of religion, speech, press, and guarantee defendant's rights. A emergency budget extension measure that Congress passes when a full budget law has not been completed by the beginning of the new fiscal year (October 1). Creation of powerful (iron) relationship of mutual benefit & support among congressional committee, government agency and regulated interest group(s). Decision greatly enlarged Congress' interstate commerce clause power by broadly defining the meaning of "commerce" to include virtually all types of economic activity. Key Concepts: Terms in this set (355) 10th Amendment. One General from each of the 4 armed service branches (army, navy, air force, marines) and, since 1/2012, the National Guard. Declared unconstitutional (impermissibly changed the detailed law-making process established in Article I), POTUS is the symbolic leader of his party. Created bicameral legislature with equal representation for states in Senate and proportional representation in House (seats based on population). Attacked as corrupt and anti-democratic so not used anymore. 2 AP GOV/ECON HONORS Required Supreme Court Cases ***Analyze the facts of the case, the opinion of the court, and the precedent set . Right to jury in criminal trials. Informal amendment to appointment process (by tradition). Established by CJ Marshall in McCulloch v. Maryland. The ultimate rulers of our democracy are not a President and senators and congressmen and government officials, but the voters of this country." Used in USA and a few other countries. Cover 13 "circuits" across America. More accurately reflects voter will, but reduces states' influence in electoral process. Hear appeals from District Courts in their jurisdiction. The right & power to make decisions in a particular area. Each state has electors = to number of senators + representatives (DC also has 3 because of 23rd Amendment). An order by the Supreme Court saying that it will hear a certain case (rule of 4). Supported a strong central government. States cannot interfere with federal power (ex. The President may remove any appointed federal officer whenever he wants for any reason. "The supreme law of the land." protect against crime). Person holding office after his or her replacement has been elected to the office, but before the current term has ended. Learn. Next up: Obamacare. Bans all discriminatory voting procedures. City councils, county boards, parliaments and senates are all examples. Failed rebellion in 1786 by poor farmers in MA against state government & banks that were taking their farms. Start studying AP Government Vocabulary Review. Like a scalpel. a rich white guy can represent the interests of poor black people). Major factor in creation of Constitutional Convention in 1787 (Elite theory). HOME AP GOPO UNITS AP COMPARATIVE (COPO) ECONOMICS HONORS PD. GORDON'S AP GOVERNMENT. Links local level to national level. Outlines structure & power of 3 branches of national government. Not major feature of US political system because of winner-take-all electoral system. One way of making agencies more accountable to Congress and the public. The principle of dividing governmental powers among different branches of government to protect against tyranny (Federalist 51). A method to deny blacks right to vote during the Jim Crow Era by requiring reading or civics test in order to vote. Judicial review – The power of a court to refuse to enforce a law or government regulation that in the opinion of the judges conflicts with the U.S. Constitution or, in a state court, the state constitution. Examples: ADA (wheelchair ramps), NCLB (AIMs testing), Supreme Court declared Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress's Interstate Commerce Clause power and was therefore unconstitutional. Can be closed, open or blanket. a court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody. Legislatures of 3/4 of the states or special state conventions called in 3/4 of the states. Federal law defining marriage as man-woman & declaring that no state is forced to recognize same-sex marriage (unconstitutional exception to full faith & credit clause? Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) unconstitutional because it exceeded Congress' commerce clause power. Exclusionary rule (Weeks v. US, Mapp v. Ohio). Becomes basis of representation in the Senate. Three states currently allow assisted suicide. First major federal law (1971) to regulate federal elections. Example of media muckraking (Woodward & Bernstein). False and malicious (mean) writings ("libel") or speech ("slander") about a living person. A judicial order to a party to do or stop doing something (example: a restraining order to stay away from a specific person). Solicitor General files Amicus Briefs for U.S. government. House Committee on Foreign Affairs has subcommittees on Asia, Europe, Africa, etc. Old as Washington, a belief that America should not seek to become engaged in foreign affairs. Grants ($) given to the states by the federal government for a general purpose (like education or road-building). First federal law declared to exceed commerce clause since the 1930s (Devolution Revolution? Federalism helps (more layers of government). Free trade agreement among USA, Canada & Mexico. (Contrast with idealism), When a state legislature or independent commission draws new House district lines (if gain/loss of seats after reapportionment process based on census every ten years). No executive or judicial branches. A procedure used in the senate to limit debate on a bill (end a filibuster); requires 60 votes. The argument that judicial review is problematic because it allows unelected judges to overrule the decisions of elected representatives, thus undermining the will of the majority. Set up the 1st independent American government (1783-88). May cause raider effect. Right to arm bears. Also known as the Big State Plan. Includes Social Security System & federal minimum wage law. Start studying AP Government Federalist Paper # 78. The first major opening up of American suffrage (voting rights) by Jackson's new Democratic Party in 1830s. Electioneering and issue advocacy by ordinary & unpaid citizens (the roots of American political system). A policial ideology that opposes capitalism and supports government control of major aspects of the economy (ex. Headed by President and/or National Chairperson. Constitutional process for removing executive officers & judges for "treason, high crimes & misdemeanors" (whatever Congress thinks is impeachable). Tax on voting. Increased the registration rate, but not the voter turnout rate (people still apathetic or not motivated to vote). Written in 1787 at Philadelphia Convention to replace Articles of Confederation and create stronger central government. Belief / observation that women are more likely to support Democratic / liberal candidates & issues than men. Plan at Philadelphia Convention for equal representation in new Congress (1 state 1 vote). The JCS are key military advisors to the President. Subject to senatorial courtesy rule for local appointments (district judges). a constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 stating that the "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state an account of sex." Belief in as much freedom and as little government as possible (tolerates some government to provide stability & security). Must be confirmed by Senate. In primary elections, it is when people support the candidate everyone else seems to be supporting (poll leaders). Elite conspiracy? Also known as "reserved powers amendment" or "states' rights amendment", Abolished slavery. Only constitutional role = President of Senate & casts tie-breaker vote in Senate. Election in which the winner becomes an elected government official. First Voting Rights Amendment (with 19, 24 & 26), Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures), States cannot deny the right to vote based on gender. ), First ten amendments to the Constitution; major source of civil liberties; applies to states via selective incorporation doctrine; promised to Anti-Federalists to secure ratification of Constitution, 1st Amendment clause: Congress cannot "establish" a religion. Less powerful than the Speaker, they set legislative agenda for their party and help set the daily Senate agenda. A group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, develop a party platform (policy goals), win elections, and run government, 2 main parties (because of electoral rules) with other smaller and less powerful third parties (spoiler, splinter, extremist). Nomination process is too long and too expensive. allow women special forces). Bush after 9/11). Only registered party members can vote in the party primaries. Each state can design its own program. You can then utilize the results to create a personalized study plan that is … Major tool of fiscal federalism. Also known as McCain-Feingold Act. The U.S. Compromise gay policy in military from 1993; finally ended by Obama in 2011. 5-4 Supreme Court declared that Florida vote recount violated equal protection clause (some votes would be examined more closely than others); ended Gore's challenge to 2000 election results. The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional. The representative is whoever wins a plurality of the votes in a general election (no run-off elections). The newly-freed slaves grandpas couldn't vote, so neither could they. He is a member of a legislative body, either elected or appointed. Meaning of "cruel" based on "evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society." Process of ending government services and allowing the free market (private firms) to provide the service. If a bill is proposed within 10 days of congress adjourning and the president does not sign it , it will die (un-overrideable veto). A more or less consistent set of beliefs about what policies government should pursue. Creative/activist interpretation of 5th and 14th Due Process Clauses. Helps promote consistency and fairness in the legal process. Back-up president. Belief in the abolition of all government (maybe through violent means), Belief in government assistance to improve society, especially for the poor and minorities. Trial courts (District Courts in federal system) assess the facts in a case and the issue the first decision (guilt, innocence). Could be selectively applied. Granted in cases that raise important constitutional questions or where circuit courts have reached different opinions on a particular issue. It will consist of … 1st Amendment Clause: Congress shall make no law abridging freedom of the press. FECA shut down unlimited contributions to candidates so soft money flowed to political parties. Fed 10 (factions) & Fed 51 (separation of powers, checks & balances), Supporters of the new constitution in 1787. Major foreign policy ideology. Allows president to veto bad parts of a bill but keep the rest. Directors appointed by President w/ advice & consent of Senate. Major goal for conservatives to overturn Roe. Each video is about 15 minutes long and explains exactly how to attack each type of question. 1996 California initiative that banned all affirmative action programs. Also known as "small state plan." Written in 1788 by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay to support ratification of the Constitution. The AP US Government diagnostic test results highlight how you performed on each area of the test. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. One who brings a court action against another (the complainer). Promotes consistency & fairness. Party members that vote at the National Convention to select the party candidate for president. You support my bill, I'll support yours. Era in the South after Civil War (1865) until 1950s. Consults with the president on matters of defense and foreign policy. (Weeks v. U.S., Mapp v. Ohio). Closest presidential advisor ("Jafar"). You will also be asked to answer FRQ's. Winner-Take-All System (Electoral College). The right of congresspeople to send job-related mail to their constituents without paying postage. Examples: Defense, Budget, Education. Equal protection clause requires "one man, one vote" principle for redistricting (legislative districts must be roughly equal in population), Demographics: Racial minorities, Jews, Women (gender gap), Labor Unions, Poor, Demographics: White, Protestants, Corporations, Rich, About 50-60% of eligible voters in Presidential elections; much less in midyear elections (30-40%). Can lead to conflict with other branches (Watergate). If the proposition passes it becomes a law. Law requiring agency meetings and decision-making process to be open to the public. Choose from 500 different sets of ap government flashcards on Quizlet. Example = FDR's fireside chats, Obama's televised State of the Union Address... Short-term patriotic increase in president's popularity and power during times of serious international crisis or war (e.g. "The decision stands". 1883 reform law that replaced the patronage/spoils system in the federal bureaucracy with a merit-based professional system. AP Government review video for any government textbook. (Layer cake), state and federal government come together (marble cake), "to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes", the idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens, an individual who proposes, draws up and enacts laws. conservatives watch Glenn Beck and Bill O'Reilly); results in greater political polarization, The attempt of politicians to cast their words & actions in the most flattering light (propaganda, distortion), Political action on the local level by ordinary citizens (the roots): fundraising, volunteering, get-out-the-vote activities (knocking on doors); important function of local party organization. Reaganomics or "trickle down economics.". Usually lobbyists are highly paid insiders with access to people in power (revolving door). A law passed in 1973 after Vietnam fiasco requiring (1) president to notify Congress within 48 hours of sending troops into combat and (2) begin to remove troops after 60 days unless Congress approves of the action. foreign relations) and state power (ex. The process by which a political party nominates ("selects") a candidate to run in a general election. A government organization that, like regular corporations, provides a service to the public and typically charges for its services. The party opposing an appeal from a lower court to an appellate court. Jim Crow era state laws that discouraged African Americans from voting by saying that if your grandpa couldn't vote, then neither can you. Family (most important); TV/media (growing in importance); friends/peers; school (formal socialization). Sets priorities in discretionary spending & proposes changes to entitlement programs. Second of three "Reconstruction Amendments" passed after Civil War. Question 4 of the AP U.S. Government and Politics free response section will always be the Argument Essay. poll taxes, literacy tests) and by violence (KKK). Purpose = reduce government spending & provide more efficient services. The jurisdiction of courts to hear a case for the first time (trial). See Pentagon Papers Case (NY Times v. US). Major jobs are (1) to hold primary elections to select candidates; (2) to support state level candidates in general elections; and (3) to influence platform of National Party. Major incumbent advantage & source of budget increases. Can cause splintering (example: southern whites abandoned Democratic Party in 1948 when it adopted a pro-civil rights plank. Requires many voter signatures to get on the ballot. 2 AP GOV/ECON HONORS Midterm Review. Government lawyer that represents the US government at the district court level (trials). Whether or not you know much about how your own government works, if you want to pass the AP Comparative Government exam, you’d better know all the particulars of politics, policy-making, and powers in Mexico, the United Kingdom, Nigeria, Iran, Russia, and China. During floor action, members voting on bill must follow specific rules. Minority state system for allocating electoral college votes (used in ME & NE). Controversy led to the Fraser-McGovern Commission and related reforms. Gives all citizens the right to inspect all records of federal agencies except those containing military, intelligence, or trade secrets; increases accountability of bureaucracy, Requires financial disclosure for elected public officials and placed 1 year restriction on former government officials' lobbying activities (the revolving door problem). Solves big state-little state debate over representation in federal legislature at Philly Convention. Law responding to 9/11. Belief in strong government intervention in the economy to promote stability & prosperity (example, Keynesian fiscal policy). AP Government review video for any government textbook. STUDY. Also known as "layer-cake federalism.". Incumbent= current office-holder running for re-election. The drawing of district boundaries by the state legislature to benefit a party, group, or incumbents. Example = Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) (States develop and implement welfare programs using federal money). A form of restricting African American's 15th Amendment rights during the Jim Crow Era by only allowing whites to vote in the primary elections; giving African Americans only the opportunity to vote for white racist A or white racist B. Northern Democrats switch parties in 1860 to vote for Republican Party (Lincoln). Independent agencies created by Congress to regulate important aspects of the nation's economy. A 2010 decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that independent expenditures are free speech protected by the 1st Amendment and so cannot be limited by federal law. AP U.S. Government and Politics is an introductory college-level course in U.S. government and politics. The Princeton Review's prep book for AP Gov includes five full-length practice tests, so there should be tons of free-response questions you can use to hone your skills. Literal meaning of 5th & 14th Due Process Clauses: Government cannot deprive you of life, liberty or property without holding certain procedures (trial, lawyer, right to question witnesses). Most countries have unitary governments. AP Central initial files.indd 4 29/06/18 9:53 PM Preface This publication is designed to help teachers and students understand and prepare for the AP® U.S. Government and Politics Exam. PLAY. 1961 case incorporating 4th Amendment (and exclusionary rule) into 14th Amendment DPC, binding on states. All money before FECA was soft money. A grant in-in-aid for a broadly define policy area. Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time states were contemplating its adoption. System of federalism that strictly separates federal power (ex. FCC rule requiring media stations to offer advertising time to all candidates if they offer it to one candidate. The ability of a president to negotiate treaties with foreign nations (requires ratification by 2/3 senate vote). Course Overview. Rule of judicial self restraint to limit power of judicial review; the Court will only consider real controversies including real, adverse parties (no advisory opinions). Mandatory conditions that are attached to laws in which the borrower must comply to. Proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for representation of each sate in congress in proportion to that state's population. 100% Free AP Test Prep website that offers study material to high school students seeking to prepare for AP exams. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Attempt to limit campaign spending & corruption but rejected by Obama in 2008 (too easy to raise more money by contributions). A philosophy of judicial decision-making whereby judges allow their personal views about public policy (liberal or conservative) to guide their decisions. Regulations & orders from the President to an agency about how to execute a law. Frequent among independent voters; leads to divided government. Occurs when a committee ignores a bill and doesn't report it out. Used by candidates to spread message (slogan); Used by media to avoid serious (boring) discussion of issues. States cant make laws that take away constitutional rights. Judicial doctrine that applies the Bill of Rights (one right at a time) to state and local governments by incorporating them into the concept of liberty in the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause (which is binding on the states). These notes may be used throughout the year if you're looking for materials to help you review for in-class tests. 5th Amendment self-incrimination clause requires government agents to warn suspects of their right to remain silent and/or contact an attorney before questioning them when they are in custody. Includes the Office of Management and Budget, the Council of Economic Advisors, and National Security Council. Leads to Nixon's resignation. a nation's basic law. No "unreasonable" searches and seizures. Independent electioneering (SuperPacs & 527s) is protected free speech and so cannot be limited by government. Those who favor a weaker national government and believe the constitution needs individual rights. Lofty rhetoric and specific legislative goals. Usually the longest serving member of the majority party on that committee (seniority rule). It is a serious crime everywhere else. HOME AP GOPO UNITS AP COMPARATIVE (COPO) ECONOMICS HONORS PD. Massive growth since New Deal & WWII (2.5m people = nation's largest employer), A list of good-paying (sweet) jobs that the new president can fill by appointment (agency directors and other VIPs), The fifteen largest and most influential agencies of the federal bureaucracy (e.g., Department of State, Treasury, Justice...) Headed by Secretary or Attorney General (Department of Justice).

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